Mantoux tuberculin (PPD) skin test		The preferred skin testing method for detecting TB infection. It is done by injecting 0.1mL of PPD just below the surface of the skin (intradermally, intracutaneously), usually on the forearm. A reaction to this test produces a small raised, swollen, hard area (induration) and is measured 48 to 72 hours after the injection. Interpretation of the reaction (termed delayed-type hypersensitivity or DTH reaction) as positive or negative depends on the size of the reaction and the person's risk factors for TB.
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB)		TB that shows resistance to the first-line anti-TB drugs. The disease is usually resistant only to the two most important anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. MDR-TB is often caused by inconsistent or partial treatment due to poor supervision or non-compliance. This form of TB can be directly transmitted from person to person.
Miliary TB		Widespread TB disease which occurs when tubercle bacilli have entered the lymphatic system and bloodstream and spread to all parts of the body, where they grow and cause disease in multiple sites. The chest X-ray of patients with miliary TB often looks like millet seeds scattered throughout the lungs. Also called disseminated TB.
Mycobacterium		The name of the genus to which Mycobacterium tuberculosis and all other Mycobacteria (e.g. M. bovis, M. avium, M. kansasii) belong.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)		The species of bacterium that causes most TB in humans.